6. How does a cell make a protein? Start at the beginning with promoter binding to the DNA strand, and describe all the steps in the complete sequence. In your description, include at least 4 key enzymes that assist this process.
9. The tree of the metazoans has a very deep split as indicated by two different modes of early development. For example, arthropods and echinoderms have two fundamentally different early-developmental programmes. What are they? Name and describe these two developmental programmes. To which group are we most similar, and why?
10. What was the prevailing view of inheritance before Mendel? What were Mendel’s two laws? Describe them. When Mendel’s research was recognized by the scientific community at large, it provided support for Darwinian ideas. How so?