1. Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bi

1. Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bicarbonate a chemical needed to neutralize stomach acid? Select one: a. The stomach b. The Duodenum c. The Liver d. The Gallbladder e. The Pancreas 2 Which of the following is known as an accessory organ in the digestive process? Select one: a. The Heart b. The Duodenum c. The Kidney d. The Gallbladder e. The Lungs 3 What happens mostly in the large intestine (colon)? Select one: a. Vitamins and minerals are absorbed b. Water is absorbed c. Amino acids are absorbed d. Glucose is absorbed e. Fiber is absorbed. 4 What is true about fat absorption? Select one: a. It occurs in the ascending colon. b. It is aided by emulsification with bile. c. It is released into the blood stream as VLDL. d. It requires amylase action on the glycerol backbone. e. All of the above 5 Which type of absorption mechanism requires a selective protein carrier and ATP energy? Select one: a. Facilitated diffusion b. Passive diffusion c. Active transport d. Passive transport e. Nutrient activity 6 What happens first protein denaturation or protein digestion? Select one: a. Protein denaturation b. Protein digestion 7 What is the correct process of protein synthesis? Select one: a. DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated to Protein. b. mRNA is transcribed to DNA which is translated to Protein c. Protein is transcribed to mRNA which is translated to DNA d. Protein is transcribed to DNA which is translated to mRNA e. DNA is transcribed to Protein which is translated to mRNA. 8 High protein diets can deplete the body of: Select one: a. Water b. Calcium c. Vitamin B6 d. All of the above. 9 Lactase persistence is tied to human biocultural evolution. Select one: True False 10 Protein need is based on body: Select one: a. Weight b. Height c. Caloric need d. CHO adequacy e. Nutrient density 11 Kwashiorkor is best described as: Select one: a. Fibrous proteins b. High biological value protein sources c. Complementary protein sources d. Lack of protein and energy in the diet e. Lack of protein in the diet 12 _________ decreases transit time. Select one: a. Glucose b. Insoluble Fiber c. Antibodies d. Allergen (Antigen) e. Hyperhomocystemia 13 Proteins can be of two basic types: Select one: a. DNA and RNA b. Antibodies and Antigens c. Enzymes and Hormones d. Simple and Complex e. Fibrous and Globular 14 Which of the following is a protein component in food causing allergy? Select one: a. Glucose b. Insoluble Fiber c. Antibodies d. Allergen (Antigen) e. Hyperhomocystemia 15 _________ are proteins produced by immune cells. Select one: a. Glucose b. Insoluble Fiber c. Antibodies d. Allergen (Antigen) e. Hyperhomocystemia 16 _________ is a risk factor for heart disease. Select one: a. Glucose b. Insoluble Fiber c. Antibodies d. Allergen (Antigen) e. Hyperhomocystemia 17 Which of the following statements is true regarding metabolism? Select one: a. Homeostasis involves a balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions. b. Homeostasis causes weight gain. c. Catabolic reactions involve condensation reactions. d. Anabolic reactions cause tissue degradation. e. Enzymatic digestion of proteins to amino acids involves anabolic reactions. 18 _________ increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Select one: a. Triglycerides b. Antioxidants c. Elevated intakes of saturated fatty acids d. Aerobic physical activities e. Omega-3 fatty acids 19 _________ prevents oxidation reactions. Select one: a. Triglycerides b. Antioxidants c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat d. Aerobic physical activities e. Omega-3 fatty acids 20 _________ increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Select one: a. Triglycerides and folic acid b. Antioxidants like vitamin E and C c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat d. Aerobic physical activities and Omega-3 fatty acids 21 _________ has anti-inflammatory effects in the body. Select one: a. Triglycerides b. Antioxidants c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat d. Aerobic physical activities e. Omega-3 fatty acids 22 Cancer is: Select one: a. A natural selection advantage b. Prevented by frequent and regular alcohol consumption. c. Not caused by unhealthy diet and lifestyle factors. d. Promoted by phytochemicals. e. A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. 23 _________ can bind to fat cholesterol and bile in the gastrointestinal tract. Select one: a. Bile b. Protein c. Glucose d. Soluble fiber e. Insulin 24 Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol? Select one: a. Chylomicron b. VLDL c. LDL d. IDL e. HDL 25 Hypoglycemia is: Select one: a. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes. b. Characterized by low blood sugar. c. A leading cause of atherosclerosis. d. The reason for lactose intolerance. e. An enzyme that catabolizes starch. 26 Most vitamin and minerals are absorbed in the ______________. Select one: a. Colon b. Kidney c. Stomach d. Small intestine e. Liver 27 Which of the following is largely produced by plants during photosynthesis? Select one: a. Fats b. Carbohydrate c. Proteins d. Water e. Light 28 In whole grain processing the amount of _________ is/are decreased. Select one: a. Fiber b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Fiber vitamin and mineral content are all reduced by whole grain processing. 29 Which of the following provides the best food source of fiber? Select one: a. Carrots b. Soybean oil c. Tuna d. White rice e. Whole Milk 30 The central nervous system prefers _____________ for energy to function optimally. Select one: a. Fatty acids b. Ketone bodies c. Protein d. Glucose e. Amino acids 31 Omega-3 fatty acids may help to protect against: Select one: a. Diverticulosis b. Osteoporosis c. Type I Diabetes d. Kidney Failure e. Heart Disease 32 The special proteins that drive chemical reactions are: Select one: a. Enzymes b. Antibodies c. Collagen d. Hormones e. DNA 33 Which of the following foods is an example of a wholesome but low quality protein source? Select one: a. Vegetable oil b. Beans c. Cheese d. Banana e. Eggs 34 A person who has gastrointestinal distress after drinking milk most likely: Select one: a. Is missing the enzyme lactase. b. Has type 2 diabetes. c. Produces lipoproteins against the milk. d. Is experiencing autoimmunity. e. Is having a hydrogenation reaction. 35 Which of the following statements is true about lipoproteins? Select one: a. HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream b. High HDL values increase atherosclerosis. c. Diet has no influence HDL levels d. Diets high in saturated fat are protective against heart disease. e. Elevated LDL cholesterol in the blood is protective against heart disease. 36 Trans fatty acids: Select one: a. Contain a single double bond b. Reduce heart disease risk. c. May be found in processed foods d. Are abundant in most fruits e. All of the above 37 Which of the following statements is true about fiber? Select one: a. Fiber is found in plant and animal foods. b. Fiber increases caloric density of the diet. c. Fiber hardens stool. d. Fiber binds some vitamins and minerals. e. Insoluble fiber dissolves in water. 38 Soluble fibers include: Select one: a. Pectin lignin mucilage. b. Pectin gum mucilage. c. Pectin lignin gel. d. Cellulose hemicellulose lignin. e. Cellulose hemicellulose agar. 39 Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? Select one: a. Enzymes require essential fatty acids as coenzymes. b. Enzymes can require vitamin or mineral cofactors for their function. c. Enzymes are chemicals secreted from endocrine glands into the blood. d. Enzymes are carbohydrate based substances. e. All of the above 40 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag text Type 1 diabetes is: Select one: a. A genetic disease caused by autoimmunity and a lack of insulin production. b. The build-up of homocysteine in the blood. c. A type of anemia common among vegetarians. d. A diet-related disease in which insulin resistance occurs. e. A communicable disease. 41 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag text Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla could improve her health by following the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet. Select one: True False 42 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla has normal blood pressure. Select one: True False 43 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla meets the diagnostic criteria of Metabolic Syndrome. Select one: True False 44 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla may have Type 1 Diabetes. Select one: True False 45 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla’s Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for fiber is 28 grams. Select one: True False 4 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla consumed 76% of her Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for fiber. Select one: True False 47 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla consumed less than 7% of her Calories from saturated fat. Select one: True False 48 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla’s total blood cholesterol is in the borderline high risk category. Select one: True False 49 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE Lyla’s Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein would be met if she consumed 61 grams of dietary protein each day. Select one: True False 50 Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2450 Calories 26 grams of dietary fiber and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE If Lyla consumed the same Calorie level and her DRI for protein then she would consume 10% of her Calories from protein. Select one: True False

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