. Introduction
The research topic is to identify the influence of the travel ban on the hotel industry as well as may identify the new trends, which influencethe food and beverage industry because of COVID-19. In this research, research needs to identify new trends, which affect the selected industry. This research classified into different sections that area literature review, conceptual framework, and methodology section. Along with this, it also includes the limitations of research with timeline and budget.
In the present time, the whole world is facing a COVID-19 pandemic and because of this, there are no more consumers in the hotels and resorts. In this report, the researcher needs to identify the trends which have an impact on the food and beverage industry. In this present time, some businesses may not sustain as F&B department in the hotels based on revenue per person, not on the revenue generated from taking away. This becomes a challenging trend, because of this, some businesses may shut down, and some are adopting new strategies to each more by continuing operational activities.
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1 Literature Review
Objective 1: To identify the impact of a travel ban on the hotel industry.
Wallis (2020), states that travel ban having a high impact on the hotel industry and approx. 15.7 million individuals based on a travel job. The small hotels or cafes face economic fallout because of this crisis. Because of this travel ban, no more consumers can come to big hotels, resorts and this creates a decline in terms of revenue. The rate of hotel occupancy decreased by 58% in overall Australia. Individuals are avoiding staying hotels because they must go through with the 14 days quarantine process. Smartraveller.gov.au. (2020), examine that this implements the force to shut down the hotels. In addition to this, lost of individuals are included in this industry but because of shut down of the process, many individuals lost their jobs, and some are losing their salaries. The individuals who are working in this industry, asking for a job from owners but owners failed to provide jobs because it leads to a high rate of joblessness and this impact on the economy of the country.
Objective 2: To explore the new trends which have an impact on the food and beverage department
From the perspective of KPMG (2020), demonstrate that some new trends have an influence on the food and beverage department that is Hotels can not provide table services in the venue but can offer to take away to the consumers. Another trend is selling processed and packaged food which helps in enhancing the revenue in the selected department of the hotel industry. Another is that they provide opportunities to the hotels in innovating and reimagine their offerings so that they can deal with the current situation and can earn the revenue. In addition to this, more home delivery as this business has survived in this period. Goyal (2020), states that the use of new technology in hotels as Dineout has an interesting advisory, which restaurants should follow. The consumers can select the pre-booking option for their food by using the app and after that, they reach the restaurant and seated. This decreases the waiting time and can decrease the chances of the suffering of Corona.
Objective 3: To discover the influence of COVID-19 on Food and beverage department in hotel industry
In the viewpoint of PR Newswire (2020), demonstrate that different key factors affecting the market at the time of pandemic include the decrease in tours and travels as most of the flights got canceled and this affect the hotel industry because no new consumer contact them and this decreases the revenue. According to Combs (2020), the hotel industry hasthe hardest hit because of fear of the spread of COVID-19 through travel. In addition to this, all the events are postponed and this decreases the revenue of hotels. Creamer (2020), examines that the food and beverage department changes their way of doing business as the government implements new obligations on individuals. In addition to this, hotels are also adopting new strategies after examining the impact of COVID-19 that is online and mobile ordering, contactless payments, health, and sanitation monitoring, AI-enabled assistants and also implementing different security solutions as well as implementing the different cost control measures such as reducing part-time labor and hiring freeze (Little, 2020).
2.2 Gap Identification
There are so many business areas, which affect COVID-19 but researchers select the hotel industry. While conducting the research, it identified that the researcher identifies the impact of COVID-19 on the selected industry but does not identify the strategies to cope up with this impact.
2.3 Thematic Table
| Sub-themes | Key Points | Authors |
| Travel ban | Face economic fallout Not staying hotels because of 14 days quarantine process | Wallis (2020) |
| Loss of Job The high rate of joblessness | Smartraveller.gov.au(2020) | |
| Trends | Take away service Selling packaged food Innovate offerings | KPMG (2020) |
| Dine out facility | Goyal (2020) | |
| Factors affect the industry | Cancellation of flights | PR Newswire (2020) |
| Events postponed | Combs (2020) | |
| Government obligations | Online and mobile ordering, contactless payments, health, and sanitation monitoring | Creamer (2020) |
| Implement cost control measures | Little (2020) |
3. Conceptual Framework
3.1 Research Question
How Travel ban affected Hotels and how the Food and Beverage industry affected with new trends introduced to the industry?
3.2 Aim of research
After this research, the researcher can identify the influence of the travel ban on the hotel industry as well as may identify the new trends, which influencethe food and beverage industry. This research helps in solving the issues which thef&b and hotel industry is facing. It provides benefit to researcher and others in gaining the information related to the issues and trends which industry is facing.
3.3 Objectives of the study
- To identify the impact of a travel ban on the hotel industry.
- To explore the new trends which have an impact on the food and beverage department
- To discover the influence of COVID-19on Food and beverage department inthe hotel industry
4. Methodological Framework
4.1 Research Design
In this research, the descriptive research design assists in exhibiting the standards of the population and offers a solid image of innovation. It offers the examination so that the present obstacle can examine effectively. It utilizes the mathematical and computation tools in deriving the results. Some advantages include confidentiality and objectivity but the disadvantages include cannot verify the research problem statistically. In this research, the quantitative approach will select, as it is a systematic investigation of phenomena by collecting quantifiable data and performing statistical techniques (Flick, 2015). The pros of quantitative research include data collection that occurs on a rapid basis and in this sample are randomized as well as offers the reliable along with the repeatable information. However, on the other side, disadvantages include cannot follow-up on any answers, and characteristics of participants may not apply to the general population as well as there is a cost factor to consider with quantitative research.
4.2 Sampling
In this exploration, analyst embraces the target populace as it help specialist in meeting the fitting arrangement of measures with the vitality to the inspector. In this researcher, the researcher selects the Melbourne people as the target individuals for an assessment depicts with everything taken into account game plan of units for which plot information needs to make suspicions. Aapoly students are sampling frames in this research because the target population will be in large part and it is covered by sampling frame (Buskirk, T 2020). In this research, the researcher selects probability sampling because it assists in selecting the samples with a random number of individuals from the whole population. The pros of the selected method are that it is cost-effective and includes a less degree of judgment but disadvantages include redundant work. Researchers adopt a random sampling method as in this sample size selected on a random basis so that resources, time, and cost can save. The pros of the random method include sample represent the target population and eliminate the bias but disadvantage is very difficult to attain. The sample size in this research is 30 minimum and 100 maximum to gather the information by filling questionnaires.
4.3 Research Instrument
In this research, the researcher using the quantitative data because it includes the measures of values or counts as well as are expressed as numbers. The selected type of data presented and described in numeric variables. To collect the data, the researcher uses the questionnaire because it can be described as an appropriate means of measuring the behavior, opinions, and intentions as well as collect the information more quickly than other methods. In this researcher, the questionnaire includes close-ended, demographic, and multiple-choice questions. The advantage of a close-ended question is that it is easier and quicker for the respondents to answer and answers are easy to code and analyze statistically. The advantage of demographic questions is that it assists in describing the personal information from the survey-takers (Creswell and Poth, 2016). The advantage of multiple-choice questions is that it has fast processing times, and respondents do not have to formulate the answer just need to focus on content.
In the questionnaire, approx. 12 questions are included and to collect the information through a questionnaire, it will take 10 days. The questionnaire includes the cover letter which includes the information related to the title of the research, information about issues, information related to the research objectives, participation information if they want to fill or not, details of participants. In this study, the researcher uses pilot testing on 10% of the sample size because it assists in observing some potentials and help in identifying that research is running smoothly and improve the output from the study. The changes in the questionnaire depending on the result of pilot testing.
4.4 Data Collection
In conducting effective research, researchers adopt the primary method of data collection in meeting the decided aims and objectives. If research will conduct the survey then it assists in gathering the correct information and helps in concluding. In this research, the investigator collects the survey by preparing the questionnaire and this questionnaire is presented in the Appendix section. To collect information and data, researchers use email, face-to-face, and social media methods. Respondents fill this questionnaire because it helps in collecting the information related to decided aims and objectives. Researchers approach the respondents through email as it assists in maintaining the proof of information, which is gathered from respondents (Bell et al., 2018).
In conducting this research study, the investigator sent the approx. 200 questionnaires to the respondents by using different methods that are email, face-to-face, and social media. Among them, researchers get 100 responses some of them are through emails, some are from social media and some are collected through face-to-face. In this research, the researcher provides briefly related to the purpose of research. According to the principle of informed consent, the researcher provides informed appropriate information to make an informed decision related to what to do or what not to do, without feeling any pressure.
4.5 Data Analysis
In this research study, the researcher collects the data through a questionnaire, and then collected data should analyze effectively. Some techniques such as MS Excel, SPSS as well as a graphical strategy as these help in presenting the data in a graphical form. In this study, the researcher usesthe tabular form to depict data and accordingly MS excel for presenting data in a graphical form. This will analyze the data and conclude accordingly. MS Excel help in providing a graphical introduction for determining data to collect outcomes and results reasonably. It will be successful to exhibit the data, which assists in attaining the research objectives.
5. Ethical Consideration
In conducting effective research, researchers follow the ethical considerations by collecting permission from senior authorities of the company as well as participants who are participating in this research. The main ethical consideration includes that research should be conduct with honesty and transparency. Additionally, it includes any type of misleading information with the picture of findings, and these findings present in a biased way. Another ethical consideration is to manage the confidentiality of information, which is collected from applicants. In addition to this, full consent should earn from applicants along with this, need to maintain the privacy related to information of applicants who are involved in conducting the survey (Research Methodology 2019).
The above-specified ethical considerations can be addressed effectively as a researcher need to avoid aggressive language in the formulation of information related to the questionnaire. Additionally, the privacy of respondents is essential in conducting effective research. Further, researcher should maintain highest level of objectivity and need to execute data protection act 1998 so that data related to research could be manage. Another is the participation, involvement of participants voluntarily is important, and participants have a right to withdraw from research at any phase if they wish to do.
6. Timeline
| Activities | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 |
| Designing the research | |||||||||
| Designing Methodology | |||||||||
| Designing Questionnaire | |||||||||
| Writing the proposal | |||||||||
| Data Collection | |||||||||
| Data Analysis | |||||||||
| Report Writing | |||||||||
| Review the report | |||||||||
| Report presentation |
7. Budget
The estimated cost to carry out the research is $100
| Expense | Nature of Expense | Amount ($) |
| Provide fees to research assistant in college | Field work expense – Hiring | 10 |
| Provide fees to person who help in preparing questionnaire | Data collection expense | 10 |
| Provide salary to individual who help in collecting the information | Field work expense – Hiring | 15 |
| Provide amount to computer person who help in uploading questionnaire | Administrative Expense | 10 |
| Salary to hire people who help in uploading questionnaire on different type of social media | Administrative Expense | 15 |
| Expenses for printing the questionnaire | Field work expense – Printing | 10 |
| Prize to respondents get for filling the questionnaire | Data collection expense | 20 |
| Travel costs for contacting people face- to- face | Field work expense – Travelling | 10 |
| Total Expense | 100 |
8. Limitations
The research study is anticipated to carry out in an appropriate and effective manner with the attainment of designed objectives and goals but on the other side, research study is limited in effective manner. Different limitations, which may identified in this research include:
Small size of sample: This research is conducted by using primary collection method with selection of small sample size so that appropriate data can be gathered with understanding. Therefore, results may not be generalized with respect to food and beverage industry in an effective way. This limitation can be address by contacting more number of participants should involved so that appropriate data can gather and can attain results effectively (Research Methodology 2019).
Use questionnaire: The researcher select questionnaire in collecting information and data because it was easier along with the less time consumer but it may having an impact on qualitative results of the study. The investigator may not be able to understand the body language with facial expression which leads to further discussion and that’s why it is said to be limitation. Furthermore, it also exposed that questionnaire includes the close-ended questions and this may b a limitation of study because answer may not be taken into detailed analysis.
9. Conclusion
From the above, it concludes that from the selected methodology researcher can attain the aims and objectives. In this research, researcher select the descriptive design and random sampling as well as selected the random sample size helps in attaining the pre-decided aims and objectives. In this research, researcher use the questionnaire to collect the information, by sending through emails and social media. In addition to this, researcher contact face-to-face from respondents to collect the information by briefing the purpose of this research. This research helps in identifying the impact of COVID-19 on food and beverage as well as hotel industry.
References
Bell, E., Bryman, A. and Harley, B., 2018. Business research methods. UK: Oxford university press.
Buskirk, T 2020. Target Population and Sampling Frame in Survey Sampling. [online] Available at: <https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/target-population-sampling-frame/> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Combs, L 2020. Covid-19 Implications on the Hospitality Industry. [online] Available at: <https://www.hlb.global/covid-19-implications-on-the-hospitality-industry/> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Creamer, D 2020. COVID-19 Hospitality Industry Impact. [online] Available at: <https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US46187920> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2016. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage.
Goyal, S 2020. FUTURE SHOCK: 25 food trends post COVID-19. [online] Available at: <https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/future-shock-25-food-trends-post-covid-19/75590741> [Accessed 29May 2020].
KPMG 2020. COVID-19: Hospitality sector forced closure response for SMEs. [online] Available at: <https://home.kpmg/au/en/home/insights/2020/03/covid-19-coronavirus-hospitality-sector-closure-response-for-sme.html> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Little, D 2020. Sentiment Survey: Australian Hotel Industry and the impact of Covid-19. [online] Available at: <https://cdn.horwathhtl.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/04/Sentiment-Survey_Australia-Hotels_Covid-Impact.pdf> [Accessed 29May 2020].
PR Newswire 2020. COVID-19’s Impact on Hospitality, 2020 Market Report. [online] Available at: <https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/covid-19s-impact-on-hospitality-2020-market-report-301042147.html> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Research Methodology 2019. Ethical considerations. [online] Available at: <https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/research-limitations/> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Research Methodology 2019. Research Limitations. [online] Available at: <https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/research-limitations/> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Smartraveller.gov.au. 2020. Coronavirus (COVID-19) – Information For Australian Travellers | Smartraveller. [online] Available at: <https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/COVID-19-australian-travellers> [Accessed 29May 2020].
Wallis, G 2020. Industry Reacts to European Travel Ban. [online] Available at: <https://www.hotelbusiness.com/industry-reacts-to-european-travel-ban/> [Accessed 29May 2020].
10. Appendix
| Questionnaire Title of Research: Impact of COVID-19 on food and beverage department in hotel industry Information about issue: In the present time, whole country is suffering from COVID-19 or Corona virus pandemic and need to conduct this research to identify the impact of this pandemic on food and beverage department in the hotel industry. Through this questionnaire, information collected related to impact of travel ban on hotel industry as well as exploring the new trends, which influence on food and beverage department. Additionally, this questionnaire includes the questions related to impact of COVID-19 on hotel industry. Asking if they will participate: It is not compulsory for the participants to participate; they have their choice for this. However, if u can participate then it will help me in collecting the information related to impact of COVID-19 on industry whether it is food and beverage industry as well as hotel industry. I am thankful to you if you help me in conducting the research. Details: I am Pranav Brar and I wants to collect the information through this research. Name of Applicants: Q1. In which age group do you fall? Between 25 – 30 years Between 30 – 35 years Between 35 – 40 years Above 40 years Q2. In which industry you are working Hotel industry Retail industry Recruitment industry Q3. Do you agree with statement “In food and beverage department the major concern is personal safety and current economy because of COVID-19”? Agree Highly Agree Disagree Highly Disagree Neutral Q4. Do you think that COVID-19 has implied force to biggest empires or smallest businesses to change the way, which they are using to work? Yes No Q5. What are the new trends, which affect the food and beverage and hotel industry? Decrease food waste Adopt a healthy diet Accommodation pipeline RevPAR to return to growth Q6. What is the impact of the travel ban on the hotel industry? The gap between political and social issues Country’s reputation among overseas travelers Decrement in spending Q7. Do you agree with the statement, “before COVID-19 people work for 5 days in a week and take 2 days rest but at this time, people doing work from home without taking any rest”? Agree Disagree Neutral Q8. Is using a takeaway strategy help in boosting the revenue for the food and beverage industry? Yes No Q9. What are the challenges faced by the Hospitality industry in the COVID-19 phase? Irregular cash flow Change in market trends Higher consumer expectations Q10. Are you agree with the statement “Most of the businesses shut down because of COVID-19 as they don’t have enough money to spend”? Agree Highly agree Disagree Highly Disagree Neutral Q11. Are you agree with the statement “Labor is a significant cost to hospitality business but in the present time of COVID-19, employees need to stay at venue or need to do work from home but if affect the revenue of hotel industry”? Yes No Q12. Provide suggestions to the hotel industry in Coronavirus that is COVID-19 Refocus on the marketing objectives Refocus campaigns for reopening Developing and communicating the prevention plan |
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