| Table 1 Cross-sectional study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 1.Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 2.Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 3.Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 4.Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 5.Were confounding factors identified? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 6.Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 7.Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 8.Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution |
Add additional pages if needed
Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition)
| Table 2 Case-control study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 1.Did the study address a clearly focused issue? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 2. Did the authors use an appropriate method to answer their question? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 3. Were the cases recruited in an acceptable way? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 4. Were the controls selected in an acceptable way? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 5. Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 6. Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 7. Have the authors taken account of the potential confounding factors in the design and/or in their analysis? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 8. How large was the treatment effect? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 9. How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 10. Do you believe the results? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 11. Can the results be applied to the local population? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 12. Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution |
Add additional pages if needed
Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition)
| Table 3 Cohort study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 1.Did the study address a clearly focused issue? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 2.Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 3.Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 4.Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 5(a)Have the authors identified all important confounding factors? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 5(b)Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 6(a)Was the follow up of subjects complete enough? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 6(b)Was the follow up of subjects long enough? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 7.What are the results of this study? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 8.How precise are the results? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 9.Do you believe the results? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 10.Can the results be applied to the local population? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 11.Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 12.What are the implications of this study for practice? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution |
Add additional pages if needed
Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition)
Add additional pages if needed
| Table 3 Randomised controlled trial: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 1. Did the trial address a clearly focused issue? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 2. Was the assignment of patients to treatments randomised? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 3. Were all of the patients who entered the trial properly accounted for at its conclusion? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 4.Were patients, health workers and study personnel ‘blind’ to treatment? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 5.Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 6.Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 7.How large was the treatment effect? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 8.How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 9.Can the results be applied to the local population, or in your context? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 10.Were all clinically important outcomes considered? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution | |
| Critical appraisal questions | Underline your answer |
| 11.Are the benefits worth the harms and costs? | Yes/No/Unclear |
| Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution |
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